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Cleveland Museum of Art 11150 East Blvd Cleveland Oh 44106

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Art museum in Cleveland, Ohio

Cleveland Museum of Art
Cleveland Museum of Art logo.png
Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg
Established 1913 (1913)
(officially opened in 1916)
Location 11150 East Boulevard
Cleveland, Ohio
Coordinates 41°30′32″N 81°36′42″W  /  41.50889°N 81.61167°W  / 41.50889; -81.61167 Coordinates: 41°xxx′32″Northward 81°36′42″W  /  41.50889°Due north 81.61167°Westward  / 41.50889; -81.61167
Visitors 769,000 annually (2018)[1]
Manager William G. Griswold[two]
Website www.clevelandart.org

The Cleveland Museum of Fine art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, located in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on the city'due south e side. Internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian art, the museum houses a various permanent collection of more than 61,000 works of fine art from around the world.[3] The museum provides general admission free to the public. With a $755 one thousand thousand endowment, it is the quaternary-wealthiest fine art museum in the U.s.a..[four] With near 770,000 visitors annually (2018), it is i of the most visited art museums in the world.[1]

History [edit]

View of the museum from the steps of the Euclid Avenue archway to Wade Park, overlooking the Lagoon. Seen in the foreground is Frank Jirouch's 1928 bronze sculpture, Night Passing the Earth to Solar day.

Beginnings [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art was founded equally a trust in 1913 with an endowment from prominent Cleveland industrialists Hinman Hurlbut, John Huntington, and Horace Kelley.[five] The neoclassical, white Georgian Marble, Beaux-Arts edifice was constructed on the southern border of Wade Park, at the cost of $i.25 million.[6] Wade Park and the museum were designed past the local architectural firm, Hubbell & Benes, with the museum planned every bit the park's centerpiece.[7] The 75-acre (300,000 k2) dark-green space takes its proper name from philanthropist Jeptha H. Wade, who donated part of his wooded estate to the city in 1881.[eight] The museum opened its doors to the public on June six, 1916, with Wade's grandson, Jeptha H. Wade II, proclaiming information technology, "for the benefit of all people, forever".[ix] Wade, like his granddad, had a great involvement in fine art and served equally the museum's outset vice-president; in 1920 he became its president.[x] Today, the park, with the museum however equally its centerpiece, is on the National Register of Historic Places.[11]

Mid to late 20th century expansion [edit]

Northern entrance, showing the 1971 addition designed by Marcel Breuer.

In March 1958, the starting time addition to the building opened, doubling the museum's floorspace. This improver, which was on the north side of the original edifice, was designed by the Cleveland architectural business firm of Hayes and Ruth. They designed new gallery infinite and a new art library.

The museum again expanded in 1971 with the opening of the N Wing. With its stepped, ii-toned granite facade, the improver designed by modernist architect Marcel Breuer provided angular lines in singled-out contrast with the flourishes of the 1916 building'due south neoclassical facade. The museum's principal archway was shifted to the North Wing. The auditorium, classrooms, and lecture halls were also moved into the North Wing, allowing their spaces in the Original Building to be renovated equally gallery infinite.

In 1983, a West Fly, designed past the Cleveland architectural firm of Dalton, van Dijk, Johnson, & Partners, was completed. This provided larger library space, as well equally nine new galleries.

Between 2001 and 2012, the 1958 and 1983 additions were demolished. A new wrap-around edifice, and east and west wings were constructed. Designed by Rafael Viñoly, this $350 million project doubled the museum's size to 592,000 square anxiety (55,000 yard2). To integrate the new eastward and w wings with the Breuer building to the n, a new structure was built forth the south side of the 1971 improver, creating extensive new gallery space on two levels, too as providing for a museum shop and other amenities. Viñoly covered the infinite created by the demolition of the 1958 and 1983 structures with a glass-roofed atrium. The eastward wing opened in 2009, and the northward fly and atrium in 2012.[12] The Westward Wing opened on Jan ii, 2014.[13]

Expansion in the 21st century [edit]

Inside the museum's atrium, which opened in 2012

The museum'due south building and renovation project, "Building for the Future",[ix] began in 2005 and was originally targeted for completion in 2012 (though it was non completed until 2013)[1] at projected costs of $258 million.[xiv] The museum celebrated the official completion of the renovation and expansion project with a thou opening celebration held on December 31, 2013, and additional activities that connected through the first calendar week of 2014.[15] The $350 million project—2-thirds of which was earmarked for the complete renovation of the original 1916 structure—added 2 new wings, and was the largest cultural project in Ohio'southward history.[nine] The new east and westward wings, besides as the enclosing of the atrium courtyard under a soaring glass canopy, have brought the museum'due south total flooring space to 592,000 foursquare feet (55,000 g2) (an increase of approximately 65%).

The commencement stage of the project had $nine.3 meg in cost overruns; the opening was delayed by 9 months. Museum director Timothy Rub assured the public that the increase in quality would be worth both the look and expense.[16] In June 2008, after being closed for nearly three years for the overhaul, the museum reopened 19 of its permanent galleries to the public in the renovated 1916 building main floor.

On June 27, 2009, the newly constructed Eastward Wing (which contains the Impressionist, Gimmicky, and Modern fine art collections) opened to the public.

Chester Embankment's 1927 Fountain of the Waters next the museum'south main entrance in Wade Park.

On June 26, 2010, the ground level of the 1916 building reopened. It now houses the collections of Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Sub-Saharan African, Byzantine, and Medieval art.[17] The expanded museum includes enhanced visitor civilities, such every bit new restrooms, an expanded store and café, a sit-downward gourmet restaurant, parking capacity increased to 620 spaces, and a 34,000 square feet (3,200 1000ii) glass-covered courtyard.

On June 12, 2021, Cleveland Museum of Fine art opened a customs arts center in Cleveland's Clark-Fulton neighborhood. It hosts old Parade the Circle floats, displays and art that were previously in temporary storage.[18]

Wade Park [edit]

Wade Park includes an outdoor gallery displaying part of the museum's holdings in the Wade Park Fine Arts Garden. The bulk of this collection is located between the original 1916 principal entrance to the building and the lagoon. Highlights of the public sculpture include the large cast of Chester Beach's 1927 Fountain of the Waters; a monument to the Smoothen expatriate and American Revolutionary State of war-hero Tadeusz Kościuszko; and the 1928 bronze statuary sundial by Frank Jirouch, Nighttime Passing the Earth to Day, which sits beyond Wade Lagoon from the museum, near the park's entrance on Euclid Artery.

Auguste Rodin's The Thinker is installed at the elevation of the museum's main staircase. Later existence partially destroyed in a 1970 bombing (allegedly past the Weathermen),[19] the statue was never restored. Art historians knew that Rodin was involved in the original casting of this sculpture. The 1970 damage (noted on a plaque since mounted at the base of the statue's pedestal) is considered to take made this casting unique amidst the more than xx original large castings of this piece of work.[ commendation needed ]

Collections [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Fine art divides its collections into 16 departments, including Chinese Art, Modern European Art, African Fine art, Drawings, Prints, European Art, Textiles and Islamic Art, American Painting and Sculpture, Greek and Roman Art, Contemporary Art, Medieval Fine art, Decorative Art and Blueprint, Pre-Columbian and Native Due north American Fine art, Japanese and Korean Fine art, Indian and Southeast Asian Art, and Photography. Artists represented by meaning works include Olivuccio di Ciccarello, Botticelli, Giambattista Pittoni, Caravaggio, El Greco, Poussin, Rubens, Frans Hals, Gerard David, Goya, J.K.W. Turner, Dalí, Matisse, Renoir, Gauguin (The Phone call), Frederic Edwin Church, Thomas Cole, Corot, Thomas Eakins, Monet, Vincent van Gogh, Picasso, and George Bellows. The Museum has been active recently in acquiring afterward 20th-century fine art, having added important works by Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Christo, Anselm Kiefer, Ronald Davis, Larry Poons, Leon Kossoff, Jack Whitten, Morris Louis, Jules Olitski, Chuck Shut, Robert Mangold, Ching Ho Cheng, Mark Tansey and Sol LeWitt, among others.

The museum'due south African art drove consists of 300 traditional, sub-Saharan works from the Bini, Congo, Senufo, and Yoruba peoples, mostly donated by Cleveland collector Katherine C. White.[20] The museum is specially strong in the field of Asian art, possessing ane of the best collections in the U.S.[ farther caption needed ] [21]

In June 2004, the museum acquired an ancient bronze sculpture of Apollo Sauroktonos, believed to exist an original work by Praxiteles of Athens. Considering the piece of work has a contested provenance, the museum continues to study the dating and attribution of the sculpture. In 2011, Michael Bennet, the Greek and Roman arts curator, appear that he had dated the piece to 350 B.C. to 250 B.C.[22] In 2013, the museum held a focus exhibition on the statue. It appear reattribution of the work every bit Apollo the Python-Slayer, and said that the statue was almost certainly an original work by Praxiteles himself, and that laboratory investigations and expert testimony conclusively show the bronze was neither a recent discovery nor recovered from the sea.[23]

In 2008, the United States Postal Service selected the Cleveland Museum's famed Botticelli painting entitled Virgin and Child with the Young John the Baptist as the Christmas stamp for that year.[24]

Modern European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art's Modern European Painting and Sculpture collection holds pieces dating from 1800 to 1960, and contains about 537 pieces. The drove contains Impressionism and Post-impressionism works, advanced art styles, and German Expressionism and Neuesachlichkeit art.[25]

European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

This collection holds pieces dating from 1500 to 1800, with major works representing Italian Baroque, Castilian Baroque, Italian Renaissance, as well as significant French, British, and Dutch paintings.[26]

American Painting and Sculpture [edit]

The drove is curtailed, containing about 300 paintings and 90 sculptures. Major attractions in the collection include William Sideny Mount's The Ability of Music, Frederich Edwin Church building's Twilight in the Wilderness, and Albert Pinkham Ryder's The Racetrack (Death on a Pale Horse). A number of Cleveland-based artists are also included in the museum'due south holdings, placing an emphasis on local art.[27]

Photography [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Fine art contains a small drove of fine fine art photography, dating back to 1893. Of special notation are pieces from photography'southward starting time contributors, specially French, English language, and American photographers. Other highlights of the collection are "photography with consummate sets of The Northward American Indian by Edward S. Curtis and Camera Work; surrealist photography created primarily between the two world wars; and Cleveland-specific subject area affair produced by regional and national photographers".[28]

  • A Nakoaktok Chief's Daughter

  • Walker Evans, Allie Mae Burroughs, Married woman of a Cotton fiber Sharecropper, Hale County, Alabama, 1936.

Decorative Art and Pattern [edit]

An internationally renowned collection, the Decorative Art and Design collection "consists of useful objects in which the course and ornament are the chief focus, not objects intended purely as sculpture"[29]

  • A chiffonier from 1690

Ingalls Library [edit]

In addition to its comprehensive collection of fine art, the Cleveland Museum of Art is besides home to the Ingalls Library, one of the largest art libraries in the United States.[30] As function of the initial 1913 programme by the museum's founders, a library of 10,000 volumes was to be assembled, to include photographs and archival works. By the 1950s, the collection of books alone had surpassed 37,000 and the photographic collection neared 47,000.[31] By the 21st century, the library had more 500,000 volumes (and 500,000 digitized slides); renovation of the library infinite was one of the focal points in the museum'due south $350 one thousand thousand expansion.

ARTLENS Gallery [edit]

Three museum visitors strike different poses as they interact with a digital ARTLENS display.

Museum visitors interacting with a gesture-based ARTLENS display.

The ARTLENS Gallery is a serial of interactive displays and a mobile app that allow visitors to view and interact with the museum's digitized collection. ARTLENS is divided into 4 components:[32] [33]

  • The ArtLens Wall is a 40-foot display that lets visitors scan and scale all works that are displayed in the museum, also as some artworks that are non. The wall rotates through artworks in groups organized by criteria such as type, shape, and color.[33]
  • The ArtLens Exhibition is a rotating selection of artworks that are showcased through digital gesture-based games and activities. Examples of these activities are automatically matching the shape of a user's hand gestures to an artwork, or having the user imitate poses found in various works, which are and then scored for accuracy.[33] [34]
  • The ArtLens Studio is a series of digital studios for visitors to brand their own artwork, such every bit creating digital pottery by mimicking a potter'southward movements, or creating collages from images provided by the museum.[35]
  • The ArtLens mobile application provides data about the museum and lists of all its artworks.[36] The app is able to communicate via Bluetooth to beacons located throughout the museum to determine the user's location, and allows the user to mark and save artworks they come beyond. The app connects to the previously mentioned ArtLens Exhibition and Wall.[33]

Post-obit the launch of ARTLENS, the Cleveland Museum of Art conducted a two-yr study to run into how the gallery impacts company date.[37] [38] Surveys from Nov 2017 and January 2018 of 438 ARTLENS visitors found that 76% of viewers felt that the gallery "enhanced their overall museum feel"; 74% felt that it "encouraged them to look closely at art and notice new things"; and 73% said that information technology "increased their interest in the museum'southward collection."[38] [39] [37] Museum visitors born between 1981 and 1996 were 15% more than likely to visit the gallery compared to older individuals.[38] [37] The ARTLENS system also gathers analytical data; the time patrons spent looking at artworks went from an average of two-to-three seconds to fifteen seconds.[34]

Programs [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art as well maintains a schedule of special exhibitions, lectures, films and musical programs. The department of performing arts, music and film hosts a film serial[40] and the museum's Performing Arts Series,[41] which brings the creative energies of internationally renowned artists into Cleveland.

The department of education[42] at CMA creates programs for lifelong learning from lectures, talks and studio classes to outreach programs and community events, such as Parade the Circle",[43] Chalk Festival[44] and the "Wintertime Lights Lantern Festival".[45] Educational programs include distance learning,[46] "Art to Get",[47] and the "Educator'due south Academy".[48] The museum is as well domicile to the Ingalls Library, one of the largest art museum libraries in the U.s. with over 500,000 volumes.[49]

Open up Access collection materials [edit]

A digital display highlighting works released as part of the Open Access initiative.

In January 2019, the Cleveland Museum of Art announced that information technology was waiving its rights to "roughly 30,000 of the 61,328 objects in its permanent drove considered to exist in the public domain".[50] They are using the Creative Commons – Zero license for high-resolution images and data nearly its collection.[51] Additionally, metadata for more than 61,000 pieces in its collection have been made available.[52] The Open up Admission material is bachelor on a special section of the museum website.[53]

Governance [edit]

Attendance [edit]

The museum reported attendance of 597,715 during the menstruation between July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014, the highest total in more than a decade.[54] In 2018, the museum had a tape 769,435 visitors, replacing the previous record of 719,620 in 1987.[1]

Finance [edit]

In 1958, a $35-meg bequest by industrialist Leonard C. Hanna Jr. vaulted the Cleveland Museum of Fine art into the ranks of the country's richest art museums.[55] Today, the museum receives operating back up from the Ohio Arts Council through state taxation dollars. It is also funded past Cuyahoga County residents through Cuyahoga Arts and Culture. The museum derives around two thirds of its $36 million upkeep from interest on its endowment, which was reported as $750 million in 2014.[56] [57] The museum has an acquisition fund of $277 1000000, from which it draws virtually $xiii meg a twelvemonth for buy of works for its collections.[58]

Marketing [edit]

The museum has also taken an agile office in presenting music concerts and lectures. These include performances by Chanticleer (ensemble), Roomful of Teeth, and John Luther Adams among others.

  • The Cleveland Museum of Art, Wintertime Lights Lantern Festival.

  • Noche Flamenca, part of CMA's VIVA! & Gala, now chosen the Performing Arts Series.[59]

Directors [edit]

  • William M. Griswold (2014–)[4]
  • Fred Bidwell (2013–2014, interim director)[4]
  • David Franklin (2010–2013)[60] [4]
  • Deborah Gribbon (2009–2010, interim manager)
  • Timothy Rub (2006–2009)[fourteen]
  • Katharine Lee Reid (2000–2006)[61]
  • Kate Sellars (1999–2000, interim director)[61]
  • Robert P. Bergman (1993–1999)[62]
  • Evan H. Turner (1983–1993)[63]
  • Dr. Sherman E. Lee (1958–1982)
  • William M. Milliken (1930–1958)
  • Frederic Allen Whiting (1913–1930)

In pop civilization [edit]

The museum is the stand-in for the fictional S.H.I.East.50.D. headquarters in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and can be extensively seen in several part and establishing shots of Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014). In several scenes, the museum's atrium tin can exist seen as the "lobby" for the Washington, D.C.-based government organisation. The exterior of the museum and lift tower are in other shots equally well.

See as well [edit]

  • Landscape with a Windmill, 1646

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Litt, Steven (January 15, 2019). "Cleveland Museum of Art striking tape attendance in 2018, cheers to Kusama, Front and new programs". cleveland.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019.
  2. ^ Steven Litt, The Apparently Dealer (May twenty, 2014). "William Griswold, director of the Morgan Library & Museum in New York, is named director of the Cleveland Museum of Art". cleveland.com. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  3. ^ "Full general Museum Information". Retrieved 2015-03-23 .
  4. ^ a b c d Steven Litt (26 March 2014). "After triumph and trauma, the Cleveland Museum of Fine art seeks committed, long-term leadership: CMA 2014". Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  5. ^ "The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
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  11. ^ "National Register of Historical Places – OHIO (OH), Cuyahoga County". Nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
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  14. ^ a b Carol Vogel (January 6, 2006), Cleveland Museum Gets New Director The New York Times.
  15. ^ kmiers (18 Dec 2013). "Cleveland Museum of Art Celebrates Pregnant Accomplishments". Cleveland Museum of Art.
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  18. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Fine art opens new Community Arts Center". WKYC. 11 June 2021.
  19. ^ "JAIC 1998, Volume 37, Number 2, Article ii (pp. 173 to 186)". Aic.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  20. ^ "Cleveland Museum Appoints Ugochukwu-Smoothen C. Nzewi Curator of African Art – News – Art & Education". Art & Education. June 6, 2017. Retrieved Baronial 23, 2017.
  21. ^ "DIA's collection has national luster". The Detroit News. 2007-11-06. Retrieved 2014-07-fifteen .
  22. ^ "Cleveland Art Apollo". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  23. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art Presents Praxiteles: The Cleveland Apollo". 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2015-03-23 .
  24. ^ "2008 Stamps". USPS Postal News. Us Postal Service. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009.
  25. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "Modern European Painting and Sculpture". Cleveland Museum of Fine art . Retrieved 2018-10-24 .
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  27. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "American Painting and Sculpture". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-10-24 .
  28. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "Photography". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-x-24 .
  29. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "Decorative Fine art and Design". Cleveland Museum of Fine art . Retrieved 2018-10-24 .
  30. ^ "History of the Ingalls Library". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  31. ^ "Virtually the Ingalls Library". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-fifteen .
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  33. ^ a b c d "ARTLENS Gallery". Cleveland Museum of Art. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  34. ^ a b "The Cleveland Museum of Art Wants You To Play With Its Art". Smithsonian . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  35. ^ "ArtLens Studio". Cleveland Museum of Art. 2015-12-09. Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  36. ^ "ARTLENS". App Store . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  37. ^ a b c "The Cleveland Museum Studied How to Best Engage Visitors in the Age of Netflix. Here's What They Found". artnet News. 2019-06-07. Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  38. ^ a b c Bolander, Elizabeth; Ridenour, Hannah; Quimby, Claire. "Fine art Museums and Technology: Developing New Metrics to Mensurate Visitor Date" (PDF). Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  39. ^ Litt, Steven (2019-05-26). "CMA survey: Digital applied science isn't just fun – it sharpens understanding of fine art". cleveland.com . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  40. ^ "films – The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2013-04-26 .
  41. ^ admin (21 Baronial 2012). "Music and Performances". Cleveland Museum of Art.
  42. ^ "Learn | Cleveland Museum of Art mobile site". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  43. ^ "Parade the Circle | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-fifteen .
  44. ^ "Chalk Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  45. ^ "Winter Lantern Lights Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-fifteen .
  46. ^ "Distance Learning | The Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2014-06-xxx. Retrieved 2014-07-xv .
  47. ^ "Fine art to Become | The Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2014-06-xxx. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  48. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art – Educators University". Archived from the original on June 19, 2010.
  49. ^ "Library". The Cleveland Museum of Art. Retrieved 2015-03-23 .
  50. ^ Litt, Steven (Jan 23, 2019). "Cleveland Museum of Art launches next-generation open up access to artworks and data online". cleveland.com . Retrieved 2019-01-23 .
  51. ^ marmitage (2018-12-28). "Open Access at the Cleveland Museum of Art". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2019-01-23 .
  52. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art Launches Open Access Collections Database". CODART . Retrieved ix August 2019.
  53. ^ marmitage (28 December 2018). "Open up Access at the Cleveland Museum of Art". Cleveland Museum of Art.
  54. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art Reports Stiff Gains in Attendance, Membership, Fundraising", Press release, The Cleveland Museum of Art.
  55. ^ Elaine Woo (July xx, 2008), "Cleveland art museum director gave information technology prestige", Los Angeles Times.
  56. ^ Jason Edward Kaufman (January eight, 2009), How the richest US museums are weathering the tempest, The Art Newspaper.
  57. ^ Carol Vogel (May twenty, 2014), "Cleveland Hires Leader Of Morgan", The New York Times.
  58. ^ Judith H. Dobrzynski (March 14, 2012), "How an Acquisition Fund Burnishes Reputations", The New York Times.
  59. ^ "CMA Research Resource : The Thinker at the CMA". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  60. ^ Steven Litt (August 27, 2010). "David Franklin of the National Gallery of Canada named director of the Cleveland Museum of Art". Patently Dealer. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved four November 2016.
  61. ^ a b Judith H. Dobrzynski (Jan 5, 2000), Museum Chief in Cleveland The New York Times.
  62. ^ William H. Honan (May seven, 1999), Robert P. Bergman, 53, Head Of Cleveland Museum of Art The New York Times.
  63. ^ Susan Heller Anderson (May 18, 1982), CLEVELAND MUSEUM CHOOSES DIRECTOR The New York Times.

Further reading [edit]

  • (in Japanese) 門脇 興次 (前クリーブランド日本語補習校(Japanese Language Schoolhouse of Cleveland)教諭・千葉県立成田市立東小学校教諭). "補習授業校における国際理解教育の実践 : クリーブランド美術館におけるジャパニーズフェスティバルを通して." 在外教育施設における指導実践記録 24, 111–114, 2001. Tokyo Gakugei University. Come across profile at CiNii.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • FRAME – The Cleveland Museum of Art is a fellow member of FRAME (French Regional American Museum Commutation) and has presented and contributed to FRAME-sponsored exhibitions.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art

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